The silver mines of Mount Schauinsland provided important source of capital for Freiburg. These silver made Freiburg one of the richest cities in Europe and 1327 in Freiburg, minted its own coins, the Penny Black horse. Known as 1377 in the cities of Freiburg, Basel, Colmar, Breisach, and entered into an alliance such as the Cooperative of the penny cents (cents Penny Collective). This alliance will facilitate trade between the cities and lasted until the end of the 16th Century. There were 8,000-9,000 people in Freiburg, between 13 and 14 Century, and 30 churches and monasteries. At the end of the 14th Century, were scarce, the veins of silver and 1460 only about 6,000 people lived within the city of Freiburg walls. A university city of Freiburg evolved from its focus on mining to a cultural center for the arts and sciences. It was also a business center. The end of the Middle Ages and early Renaissance was a time of both advances and tragedy for Freiburg.
According to an ancient legend of Freiburg, a butcher named the bishop of Strasbourg, Hauri stabbed to death on 29 July 1299, it was a Pyrrhic victory, because from now on were the citizens of the city, an annual fine of 300 marks in silver payable to the Count of Freiburg to 1368th In 1366 the Count of Freiburg from the failed attempt to occupy the city during a night attack. Finally, citizens were satisfied with their masters, and Freiburg, in 1368, acquired its independence from them. The city turns on the protection of the Habsburgs, which may keep the city a large measure of freedom. Most of the nobles of the city died in the battle of Sempach (1386). The patrician family Schnewlin took control of the city until the guild of revolt. The guilds were stronger than the patricians in the 1389th The 17th, 18th and 19 Centuries were turbulent times for Freiburg. By fighting in the Thirty Years' War " (at the beginning of the war, there were 10,000-14,000 people in Freiburg, with its end only 2.000), and other conflicts, the city at various times belonged to the Austrians, French, Swedish, Spanish, and the Various members of the German Confederation. In the period from 1648 to 1805 it was the administrative headquarters Further Austria, the Habsburg lands in the southwest of Germany, when the city was not under French occupation. In 1805, the city, together with the Breisgau and Ortenau areas that became part of Baden. This town was strategically located at the crossroads of trade routes between the Mediterranean and the North Sea fields are located, and the Rhine and Danube. In 1200 the people numbered about 6,000 of the population of Freiburg. Around this time under the rule of Bertold V, the last Duke of ZFound
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